During the REM II and RI surface and subsurface soils were found to be contaminated by high levels of metal contaminants, high levels of organic contaminants, particularly semi-volatile compounds including phthalates, pyrene, chrysene, anthracene, and fluranthene. Surface soils were sampled by laying out a 200'x200' grid; composite samples were obtained from each grid and analyzed for EP Toxicity constituents and petroleum hydrocarbons. Twenty-six percent (26%) of the 194 surface samples exceeded RCRA EP toxicity limits. These areas of high lead concentrations were found along the west facing building 10, around the landfill, between buildings 114 and 13, and areas between building 3 and 50. Petroleum hydrocarbons were present in all surface soil samples. 19 surface samples and 46 deep borings (29 boreholes and 17 monitoring wells) were analyzed for HCL (hazardous chemicals list) compounds.
Soil samples were taken from various depths down, going down to 40 feet bgs (below ground surface). Results showed elevated metals concentrations for lead, cadmium, copper, arsenic, chromium, zinc, manganese, tin, cobalt, iron, mercury, nickel, and vanadium. The highest measured exceedances were lead, copper, and zinc. Surface soils measured at levels with maximums of 20,200mg/kg, 1,700mg/kg, and 64,400mg/kg, respectively. The NJDEP Soil Cleanup Criteria for soils was 100mg/kg for lead, 170mg/kg for copper, and 350mg/kg for zinc. Subsurface soils also had high metal concentrations. One sample taken at a depth of 10-12 feet bgs exceeded the NJDEP Soil Cleanup Criteria reporting lead levels as high as 8,650mg/kg. Several organic compounds, mostly semi-volatiles, are also present in surface and subsurface soils. It is thought that the distribution and use of material (for fill material) may be the source of metal contamination in soils throughout the Site resulting from metal leaching. A map depicting Soil Sample Locations and exceedances can be found below:
4.2 Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater:
Event I (December 1996-January 1997)
§ Groundwater samples were collected via hydropunch borings and analyzed for
§ Select parameters related to local “hotspots.
Event II (February-March 1997)
§ Groundwater samples were collected from all wells where exceedances were detected during the Remedial Investigation, previous existing wells were analyzedfor total and dissolved inorganics via low flow sampling techniques.
§ Newly installed deep well samples were analyzed for TCL organics, and total and dissolved TAL inorganics.
Event III (April 1997)
§ Groundwater samples were collected from the Slag Disposal Area.
1990 RI Results
§ Eight VOCs were detected including, methylene chloride, cholorform, acetone, 2-butanone, toluene, butylbenzylphthalate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
§ Four SVOCs were detected at low concentrations
§ No pesticides or PCBs were detected
§ Inorganics were detected at several locations
1991 FFS-II Results
§ Slag disposal area wells were sampled
§ Several minor VOCs were detected
§ Barium, chromium, and lead exceedance
1994 Remedial Action Design Results
§ Samples taken from 18 wells screened in slag material
§ No organics detected at exceeding levels
§ Total aluminum, antimony, iron, manganese, lead, and nickel exceedances
1995 FS Residential Well Sampling
§ Several VOCs were detected, no exceedances
§ One SVOC above standard, (bis(2-ethylhexyl)
§ One lead detection and two silver detection exceedances
1996 Remedial Action Design Results
§ Five Slag Disposal Area wells sampled
§ Total arsenic, iron, lead, manganese exceedances
1996-97 Hydropunch Results
§ Organic compounds exceed NJGWQS, TCE, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene,
chrysene, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
§ One pesticide and one PCB exceedance
§ Beryllium and copper exceedance
§ Lead exceedances
1997 SRI Deep Groundwater Results
§ Six SVOCs detected at concentrations below state and federal standards
§ No pesticides or PCBs detected
§ Arsenic, beryllium, silver, zinc exceedances
A map depicting Groundwater Sample Locations is pictured below, under the following section.
A map depicting Groundwater Sample Locations is pictured below, under the following section.
4.3 Chemical Characteristics of Surface Waters
Surface water samples were collected and analyzed in 1989, 1996, and 1998. Samples were analyzed for VOCs, SVOCs, pesticides, and total metals in 1989. Total metals and water quality parameters (alkalinity, hardness, TOC, etc) were analyzed in 1996. Total and dissolved organics were analyzed in 1998. Most Main Channel surface water samples showed concentrations of aluminum, copper, iron, lead, and manganese exceeding the most stringent surface water standards. Comparisons of the 1989 and 1996 Main Channel surface water sampling data suggest that the Roebling Steel Mill is contributing Metals to the Main Channel. The 1998 data indicates limited impact to the surface waters in the Main Channel due to Site discharges. Back Channel samples had higher concentrations of iron, lead, and silver, these exceedances may be contributed from former Outfalls #1 and #2. Crafts Creek surface water samples had hits from eight analytes (aluminum, arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, silver, and zinc), with only two (iron and lead) exceeding surface water standards. The high exceedance of lead indicates the Roebling Steel Mill being a potential source of contamination via former Outfall #2. A map of Groundwater Samples (Monitoring Wells) and Surface Water Transects can be seen below:
4.4 Chemical Characterization Sediments:
Samples were collected from the Main Channel and Back Channel of the Delaware River, Crafts Creek, and wetlands associated with Crafts Creek in 1989, 1996, and 1998. Lead appeared to be major constituent of concern, appearing in all sediment sample analysis. Samples showed semi-volatile organic compounds present in high concentrations including, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, phenanthrene, anthracene, di-n-butlyphthalate, benzo-anthracene, chrysene, pyrene, butylbenzly-phthalate, benzo(b)fluorathene, and benzo(h,i)pyrolene. Naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and fluorene were detected in one occurrence. Low concentrations of volatile organics were detected in a few sediment samples, including, methylene chloride, acetone, 1,1-dichloroethene, 1,1-dicholorethane, trans-1,2-dicholorethene, and toluene. During 1996 sampling events, PAHs and pesticide exceedances were detected in upstream sediment samples at higher concentrations than downstream samples. The 1996 Main Channel and Back Channel samples detected ten different metal exceedances (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, and zinc). Crafts Creek sediment samples had high concentrations of lead, iron, mercury, zinc, and nickel, as well as a variety of metal exceedances including: cadmium, chromium, copper and manganese. A map depicting site sample locations for sediments is depicted below:
4.5 Chemical Characterization of Air
High-volume air samples were collected at meterological stations which were setset up on Site. Filters were analyzed for TAL metals after 24 hours of exposure. Concentrations of metals were detected at maximum concentrations including,antimony, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, lead, and thallium in unsused filters. Copper, iron, lead, manganese, and zinc were also reported above maximum concentrations in unused filters. Metals calcium, chromium, potassium, argon, and sodium were reported in air samples at concentrations within or below range of concentrations found in unused filters, this suggests that the filters, not the air, was the likely source of these contaminants.
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